Abstract:
simplification or distortion of realistic
objects so they are not easily recognized
Allegory: symbolic
representation of truths or
generalizations about human existence
Armature: internal
structure used to support a sculpture
Assemblage:
three-dimensional art object, often
“assembled” from
“found” objects
Base: support of a
sculpture, usually made of stone, masonry
or metal
Bronze: alloy of copper
and tin and sometimes other elements
Bust: three-dimensional
representation of the upper part of the
human figure, usually including the head,
neck, shoulders and sometimes parts of
the arm and chest
Carving: subtractive
process of shaping a sculpture from wood
or stone by cutting and chipping
Casting: process of
making a three-dimensional object by
pouring a liquid material (plastic, metal
or clay) into a mold and allowing it to
harden
Clay: natural earth
material that is pliable when moist and
hard when dried or fired
Cor-Ten Steel: steel
that weathers, characterized by a rusted
appearance
Doric: in classical
Greek architecture, the simplest order,
with a heavy, fluted column, dish-shaped
capital and no base
Earthwork: site-specific
sculpture where natural materials are
rearranged or assembled in a particular
geographic location
Found object: an object
that is presented as a work of art or
part of one, but which was not originally
intended as art
Fountain: water and
receptacle with three-dimensional
sculptural component
Granite: igneous rock
from volcanic activity; the hardest and
most difficult stone to carve
Ionic: in classical
Greek architecture, an order
characterized by fluted columns topped by
scroll-like spirals
Limestone: sedimentary
rock consisting of carbonate formed from
an accumulation of organic remains like
shells or coral
Lost wax casting:
process of casting metals that utilizes
positive and negative molds built around
a layer of wax that duplicates the form
of the desired object; a final step
requires the molds to be heated until the
wax melts (is lost), so that liquid
material replaces the wax form
Maquette: small-scale
model for larger artwork
Marble: metamorphic rock
in varying colors
Memorial: usually
commemorates a person, place or event
Nonobjective: art form
that does not represent any object,
figure or element in nature and whose
aesthetic content is expressed in a
formal pattern or structure of shapes,
lines and colors
Patina: natural or
induced finish or color on a metal surface
Relief: form of
sculpture that is carved or cast; elements project
outward in varying degrees from a background plane
Representational:
work of art that portray forms from the natural world
Site-specific: art
that is designed for a particular place
Steel: alloy of
iron; the most common types are Cor-Ten and stainless
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